Step 4 – Debt Dependency (Disadvantage)
Sri Lanka’s “Hambantota Port” scenario: a $1.1 billion loan, inability to repay, leading to a 99‑year lease to a Chinese state‑owned enterprise.
In Djibouti, the “first Chinese overseas military base” emerged after the country financed harbor expansions it could barely afford.
Alem’s Note: The “debt‑trap” narrative resonates—strategic assets may be ceded when debt service becomes unsustainable.
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