Step 5 – Labor and Technology Gaps (Disadvantage)

Step 5 – Labor and Technology Gaps (Disadvantage)

In Myanmar, large Chinese mining operations brought in expatriate staff, leaving locals with low‑skill, low‑pay jobs, igniting labor unrest.

In Tanzania, Chinese-built railways employed mostly Chinese engineers; Tanzanian technicians received limited on‑the‑job training.

Alem’s Note: Skill transfer often remains superficial, creating a dependency rather than empowerment.